We were getting towards the end of our trip and it was now day eleven (Friday 16th April 2021). Our plan today was to head out to the Mungo National Park in outback south-western New South Wales. Mungo is about 990 km west of the city of Sydney.

Yesterday while we were at the Robinvale Visitor Info Centre we were told it may take up to 3 hours to get out to Mungo, despite the map showing it was 122km. As a result Marija and I left the motel at about 7.00 a.m. and headed out of Robinvale and across the Murray River and the Victoria/New South Wales State Border.

We drove north on the Euston-Prungle Road which was initially bitumen but then turned to dirt. We found the road pretty good with our 4WD, the Toyota Hi Lux, with no problems encountered. The road is rough in parts with lots of corrugations, but this was no issue for the Hi Lux. We could see why it might take a lot longer if you had a conventional vehicle.

The drive took us through magnificent countryside which varied from thick mallee scrub to cleared land where you could see for miles.

After about 90 minutes we reached the Mungo National Park and stopped briefly at the information board and the park sign for a photo.

Mungo National Park is 110,967 hectares (274,210-acres) in size and was established on the 6th day of April 1979. The park is part of the UNESCO World Heritage listed Willandra Lakes region, an area of 2,400 square kilometres which incorporates 17 dry lakes. Not all are called Mungo, but they are all declared world heritage.

Three aboriginal tribal groups, the Paakantji, Ngyiampaa and Muttthi Mutthi, have traditionally cared for Country here in the Willandra Lakes Region World Heritage Area.

Australia’s landscape has been ever changing over the years. The changes to Mungo’s landscape can be dated back as far as 32 million years when the ocean flooded the Murray Darling basin, turning south-western New SOuth Wales into an inland sea. The ocean retreated after 25 million years, however water levels in the area fluctuated as surrounding river systems flooded. From around 150,000 years ago, Lake Mungo and the surrounding lakes in the Willandra Lakes district had been established. Today however, the lakes are dry.

A total of 76 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, crustaceans, and sheelfish have been discovered surrounding archaeological sites in the Willandra Lakes. Some of the extinct creatures include Procoptdon sp (giant kangaroo), Zygomaturus tribobus a giant marsupial, and Genyornis newtoni (extinct emu)

Above:- the extinct giant kangaroo, extinct Zygomaturs, and extinct emu. Images c/o Wikipedia.

Three prominent human remains have been located at Lake Mungo. This includes Mungo woman which was discovered in 1969 and is one of the world’s oldest known cremations. Mungo Man was discovered in 1974 and is dated at around  40,000 years old, and are the oldest Homo sapiens (human) remains found on the Australian continent.

Below is a short video on Mungo Man and Mungo Lady.

After entering the park our first stop was the Visitor Centre which has an excellent display of information about Mungo. This includes displays of archeological evidence found at Mungo and the megafauna which once lived in the area.

As this is quite a sensitive park, both archaeologically and spiritual for the aboriginals, we spoke to one of the Rangers at the Visitor Centre and told him that we would be setting up a portable amateur radio station. He was very happy with that.

One of the wall displays (seen below) put everything into perspective. Every one of the figures shown represented ten generations of aboriginal people who have lived at Mungo.

We then walked outside to have a look at the Mungo Woolshed. When Mungo Woolshed was built in the late 1860s corrugated iron water tanks were not available. These only came into common use from the 1890s onwards. In order to store the crucial run off from the wooldshed’s massive metal roof, they needed to build the ground storage tank which can be seen today.

Using the same cyprus pine, drop log construction found in the woolshed, the water tank was likely in use up until the 1950s. A this time Albert Barnes modernised the woolshed and the water tanks which can be seen today were probably installed at that time.

The Mungo woolshed is believed to have been built in 1869. Locally obtained materials were used in its construction as vast distances from freightheads added to the cost. Murray Pine was cut locally and used for the framework and walls. Nails and spikes were forged in the station smithy to pin the frame and walls together. Mallee sticks cut on the station provided material for solid pen gates in the shed.

Corrugated iron for the roof was probably transported by paddlesteamer from Adelaide to the river ports or Euston or Pooncarrie, and overlanded from there to Mungo.

The yards, woolroom, mens hut, shearer’s hut and a two room residence were known as the Turlee Outstation. Today only the woolshed and yards remain. Mungo woolshed was been identified as one of the most significant European buildings in the Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area.

We then drove out to The Walls of China, one of the world’s most signficant archaelogical sites. The Walls of China are a unique feature on the south-eastern edge of what is known as the Lake Mungo lunette. A lunette is a wind formed crescent dune shape

There is a boardwalk here with interpretive signs explaining the history of the formations of the Walls of China. Rain has washed away the soft sand and mud of the lunette, creating characteristic ridges and cracks.

During our visit to the Walls of China there were at least a dozen people either painting or drawing the landscape (see below)

We then drove out to the Walls of China lookout. There is a viewing platform here which offers amazing views of the Walls of China and Lake Mungo.

Our next stop was the old Zanci homestead. This was a soldier settlement block which was once part of Gol Gol Station. SInce 1984 it has formed half of the Mungo National Park. Three interesting buildings remain at Zanci, the dugout, the stables, and the shearing shed.

The dugout was built by the Vigar family as a cool-room and a place to escape the blistering heat of summer days. Just like the Wombat and the rabbit, the Vigar family found that heat does not penetrate far below ground level and that humidity remains much higher there.

The stables are a drop pine log walled and spinefex thatched building. This is a typical construction of the old outback, consisting of timber, fencing wire and spinefex or canegrass.

The Zanci shearing shed was once part of the historic Mungo shed which initially worked 18 blade shearers. By 1922 Mungo had been reduced to 4 machine shearers. A section of the shed was removed and rebuilt at Zanci. The drop log construction is of particular interest.

When you add the number of pine logs in the two sheds, the outbuildings, the yards, the fencing logs, and the logs used in the now demolished old Mungo homestead, you can get a feel of the forest of Pines which must have been felled from the red sand area west of the lake.

Marija and I headed for the main campsite area at Mungo, however there was a sign saying that campground was full. So operating from there was not going to be an option. We then headed to the Mungo Lookout which appeared to be a quiet location. We found a shelter shed area with nobody around and this proved to be an ideal spot to operate from.

We ran the Yaesu FT-857d and the 20/40/80m linked dipole for this activation. The antenna was inverted vee configuration, supported by a 7 metre telescopic squid pole.

Just a short walk from our operating spot was the Mungo Lookout which offered sensational views of Lake Mungo.

First in the log for the Mungo activation was Tony VK3YV with a Park to Park contact. Tony was activating the Bull Beef Creek Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2055. Then all the fun started with a fairly significant pile up of callers. Within 5 minutes I had qualified the park with 10 contacts in the log. Contact number ten was with Dennis VK2HHA.

I decided to keep boxing on and get my 44 and then swap over with Marija. It took just 25 minutes to get QSO number 44 in the log, a contact with David VK3VRA.

I logged a total of 61 contacts on 40m before handing the mic over to Marija. Contacts were made to VK1, VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, and VK7.

Marija then called CQ on 7.144 and this was answered by Peter VK3PF, followed by Ivan VK5HS and then Phil VK3MB. Marija also developed a little pile up, and in just 5 minutes had contact number 10 in the log, a QSO with Joe VK3SRC.

Marija pushed on with the park hunters and after just 30 minutes had contact number 44 in the log, a QSO with Allen VK3HRA. Contacts were made into VK1, VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, and VK7. This included a Park to Park contact with Chris VK1CT/2 who was activating the Narrawallee Creek Nature Reserve VKFF-1979.

I then picked up a further 23 contacts on 40m before heading to 14.310 where I just logged 4 QSOs, including a Park to Park with Marty VK4KC who was in the Bribie Island National Park VKFF-0053.

Marija and I packed up, feeling very satisfied with a total of 139 QSOs in the log.

During our activation we had a number of onlookers and we explained to them the hobby of amateur radio and the World Wide Flora Fauna program. We were also visited by one of the Rangers and I must say it was an absolute pleasurable experience. She was very interested in our hobby and the link to nature. I handed her some promotional material and my business card and told her about my Blog. This was a very good interaction. Big thumbs up to the Rangers at Mungo.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3PF
2. VK5HS
3. VK3MB
4. VK3PWG
5. VK5WG
6. VK5IS
7. VK5CZ
8. VK5BJE
9. VK3SRC
10. VK3YSP
11. VK3FOWL
12. VK2YW
13. VK2HHA
14. VK4BXX
15. VK4/NN3Z
16. VK3MPR
17. VK4CZ
18. VK5MJC
19. VK1CT/2 (Narrawallee Creek Nature Reserve VKFF-1979)
20. VK5FUSE
21. VK7LTD
22. VK4NH
23. VK4DXA
24. ZL4TY/VK4
25. VK5LA
26. VK3UH
27. VK3GQ
28. VK3VRA
29. VK7FAMP
30. VK2QM
31. VK2IO/m
32. VK3MTT
33. VK3ZPF
34. VK5NEC
35. VK5FDMG
36. VK5SRP
37. VK2MOR
38. VK5FR/m
39. VK3ARH
40. VK2XSE
41. VK5DC
42. VK1DI
43. VK2PET/5
44. VK3HRA
45. VK2KNV
46. VK3CJN
47. VK3FQSO
48. VK3CU

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3YV/p (Bull Beef Creek Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2055)
2. VK3BBB
3. VK2CCP
4. VK2YW
5. VK3CWF
6. VK3CAT
7. VK5IS/m
8. VK5WG
9. VK2DG
10. VK2HHA
11. VK2LEE
12. VK4HNS
13. VK4NH
14. VK4DXA
15. ZL4TY/VK4
16. VK3FQSO
17. VK5FUSE
18. VK3PF
19. VK3MB
20. VK7QP
21. VK3TKK/m
22. VK5KSW
23. VK3MCK
24. VK5GY
25. VK2IO/m
26. VK2VW
27. VK2HFI
28. VK3MPR
29. VK2STG
30. VK3UH
31. VK2VAR
32. VK7FLAR
33. VK2TM
34. VK1DI
35. VK7FAMP
36. VK3PMC
37. VK7DIK
38. VK5HS
39. VK4CZ
40. VK3SRC
41. VK3YSP
42. VK3FOWL
43. VK5PL
44. VK3VRA
45. VK5MJC
46. VK5FR/m
47. VK2RO
48. VK5CZ
49. VK7LTD
50. VK5DIK
51. VK2VH
52. VK4AAC/2
53. VK3PI
54. VK3MTT
55. VK4FDJL
56. VK4BXX
57. VK4/NN3Z
58. VK5KLV
59. VK3MLD
60. VK4HAW
61. VK7EE
62. VK3XCI
63. VK3PWG
64. VK1CT/2 (Narrawallee Creek Nature Reserve VKFF-1979)
65. VK2YK
66. VK5GA
67. VK5SRP
68. VK2HRX
69. VK2MOR
70. VK3NCC/m
71. VK2HBO
72. VK2PET/5
73. VK5VK
74. VK3CJN
75. VK3FTOM
76. VK3ARH
77. VK3APA
78. VK3KK
79. VK5BW
80. VK7LTD
81. VK3DBP
82. VK5FDMG
83. VK2FPAR
84. VK2FAPC
85. VK5RK
86. VK2PBC/m
87. VK3SQ

I worked the following stations on 20m SSB:-

1. VK4KC (Bribie Island National Park VKFF-0053)
2. VK4MAD (Bribie Island National Park VKFF-0053)
3. VK4DOG (Bribie Island National Park VKFF-0053)
4. VK4WTN

After packing up we headed to Mungo Lodge on the way out of the park and stopped for a coffee and to buy a few souvenirs. There were a number of kangaroos and emus in the area.

We then headed back into Euston and decided to activate the Euston Regional Park.

References.

Wentworth Shire Council, 2021, <https://visitwentworth.com.au/attractions/mungo-national-park-and-the-walls-of-china/>, viewed 12th May 2021.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungo_National_Park>, viewed 12th May 2021.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mungo_remains>, viewed 12th May 2021.

While we were still at the Passage Camp Nature Conservation Reserve we discussed what park we would next activate. We decided to head over the State border from Victoria into New South Wales and activate the Yanga National Park VKFF-2249. I had previously activated this park back in 2015.

This was going to be a 100 km drive for us and there were a lot of other parks close by, but Yanga was such an interesting place and I really wanted to show Marija the old Yanga Shearing Shed, and possibly visit the old homestead.

We travelled south on the Murray Valley Highway until we reached the little town of Tooleybuc on the State border and the Murray River.

Although we had been here before, we stopped briefly to have a look at the old Tooleybuc Bridgkeepers Cottage which was built in 1924.

Tooleybuc is the home to a historic bridge which crosses the Murray. It was built in 1925 and was designed to rise to let paddle steamers through. In 1974 the paddle steamer Pevensey collided with the bridge.

We then headed north-east on Yanga Way until we reached the junction with the Sturt Highway. We turned right and turned off shortly afterwards and entered the Yanga National Park.

We soon reached Yanga Homestead which was constructed in the 1860’s. It is built in two parts, the main homestead and the kitchen wing, using drop log and Red Gum slab techniques. It was once surrounded by gardens including ornamental and vegetable plantings. Yanga was a large pastoral station at this time.

Pressed metal ceilings remaining from updates during the 1920’s. Much of the current interior design harks back to the wool boom of the 1950’s.

There are some beautiful gardens adjacent to the homestead featuring roses and cottage type plants and flowers.

Nearby is Yanga Lake which is 1,246 hectares in size. It has a maximum depth of 5 metres and holds abut 55,000 megalitres of water which is equivalent to 22,000 Olympic swimming pools. The lake is 24 kilometres around the perimeter. It consists of two connected sub-basins forming what was referred to in the nineteenth century as a ‘spectacle’ lake, shaped like a pair of eye glasses. Current scientific information suggests the lake was formed around 128,000 years ago.

Below are two short videos on Yanga Homestead.

We then headed out to the Yanga Woolshed section of the Yanga National Park which can be reached via Windomal Road which runs off the Sturt Highway.

Maps drawn in 1851 show a woolshed on the western side of Tala Lake and another at the very northern end of what is now Yanga National Park. The current site, an outstation of W.C. Wentworth’s ‘Tala’ Run, named Mamanga, is shown as having only huts and a stock yard. It is likely that a woolshed was added in the late 1850s to take advantage of paddle steamer transport to take the wool to market. The site would have been chose because it is where red ground, which is normally above flood level, meets the river at a point where there is deep water suitable for the location of a wharf.

The Yanga woolshed was once the largest, most modern woolshed in the district, and housed 3,000 sheep and provided work for up to 40 shearers at a time.

This is an incredibly interesting place and we spent quite a bit of time here exploring the woolshed and its surrounds. You can take a self guided tour and read about the woolshed’s incredible history on the the various interpretive boards and you can listen to some interesting tales on the audio guides located throughout the woolshed. It really gives you a feel for what it must have been like in a 19th century woolshed.

The last shearing at Yanga took place on the 10th and 11th November 2005.

We then drove to the nearby Mamanga campground and set up our little portable station for an activation of the Yanga National Park.

Yanga is a large park of about 35,359 hectares and was established on the 28th day of February 2007. It has a frontage of about 170km on the Murrumbidgee River, the second longest river in Australia. The River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests in the park are part of the third-largest contiguous stand of river red gum forest in Australia.

The creation of the National Park followed the purchase of Yanga Pastoral Station, a 160-year-old sheep station held under freehold title in November 2005. In its later years, Yanga Station also carried cattle and supported dryland cropping and red gum harvesting for commercial timber.

In 2010 additions were made to the National Park which included the former Kieeta State Forest (617 hectares) and about 140 hectares from the neighbouring Kieeta Station, a working sheep property held under freehold title.

We were fortunate that there were very few people in the campground, and we got a very nice spot right alongside of the Murrumbidgee River.

As it was late in the afternoon, the 40m band was very busy with VK, ZL, Europe, and North America. It was quite difficult to find a clear spot. I ended up settling on 7.185 and called CQ which was answered by keen park activator and hunter Marty VK4KC. Band conditions were excellent and it did not take long for a mini pile-up to commence.

Contact number ten was with Peter VK2UXO who had a very big signal.

Within a very quick 25 minutes I had contact number 44 in the log, a QSO with Peter VK3ACZ. With 49 QSOs in the log from VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, VK7, and New Zealand, I swapped the mic with Marija. Contacts included a Park to Park with Stuart VK3UAO/p who was activating the High Camp Flora Reserve VKFF-2330.

Marija took up where I left off with quite a pile up and it only took here 4 minutes to get her 10th contact in the log, a QSO with Ray ZL4TY/VK4.

Marija logged a total of 20 QSOs before I jumped back into the operator’s chair and logged another 4 stations on 40m.

It was getting quite late, so I had a quick listen on the 80m band where I logged 14 stations from VK2, VK3, VK4, and VK5.

We had a total of 87 QSOs in the log.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3UAO/p (High Camp Flora Reserve VKFF-2330)
2. VK5FANA
3. VK3ARH
4. VK3UH
5. VK5CZ
6. VK3TKK/m
7. VK3IK/m
8. VK4NH
9. VK4DXA
10. ZL4TY/VK4
11. VK3ANL
12. VK3MPR
13. VK4SMA
14. VK3PF
15. VK2FPAR
16. VK2FAPC
17. VK4KC
18. VK4MAD
19. VK4DOG
20. VK5AYL

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK4KC
2. VK4MAD
3. VK4DOG
4. VK2IO
5. VK2VH
6. VK4AAC/2
7. VK3ZPF
8. VK3PNG
9. VK5GY
10. VK2UXO
11. VK4HNS
12. VK4FDJL
13. VK3PF
14. VK3YV
15. VK4NH
16. VK4DXA
17. ZL4TY/VK4
18. VK5FDMG
19. VK5PET
20. VK2DG
21. VK3TKK/m
22. VK3UAO/p (High Camp Flora Reserve VKFF-2330)
23. VK5WG
24. VK2HRX
25. VK5JP
26. VK3CWF
27. VK2MSA/m
28. VK7FCIA
29. VK3NCR
30. VK5AYL
31. VK5PTL
32. VK4SMA
33. VK3MCK
34. VK5CZ
35. VK2LEE
36. VK2VW
37. VK2HFI
38. VK2SR/m
39. VK3MTV
40. ZL4NVW
41. VK3PT/m
42. VK3IK/m
43. VK2PRC
44. VK3ACZ
45. VK2PIR
46. VK3YUN
47. VK3UH
48. VK2FPAR
49. VK2FAPC
50. VK5FANA
51. VK3MPR
52. VK3PI
53. VK5IJ

I worked the following stations on 80m SSB:-

1. VK5FANA
2. VK2FPAR
3. VK2FAPC
4. VK3ANL
5. VK5AYL
6. VK4HNS
7. VK3YUN
8. VK3ZYZ
9. VK4NH
10. VK4DXA
11. ZL4TY/VK4
12. VK3PNG
13. VK3YV
14. VK3ARH

After packing up we headed into the town of Balranald where we stopped off to get some hot chips to contain our hunger. We an 82 km drive back to Robinvale along the Sturt Highway. Once back our motel we ordered a meal to be delivered to our room from the motel’s restaurant.

It had been another fun packed day.

References.

National Parks NSW, 2021, <https://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/things-to-do/historic-buildings-places/yanga-woolshed?p=1&pdfprint=true>, viewed 11th May 2021

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooleybuc>, viewed 11th May 2021

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanga_National_Park>, viewed 11th May 2021

After packing up at Tol Tol, Marija and I drove south along the Murray Valley Highway until we reached the little town of Boundary Bend which is about 50 km east of Robinvale and Euston. We stopped here for a coffee.

Boundary Bend is a thriving horticultural area with very large olive groves and almond plantations. It is named for the river bend, at the point where the boundary fence between Narrung and Yungera Pastoral Stations met with the Murray River. The town offers a magnificent sweep of the Murray River as its view. There is a small monument here re the old Boundary Bend School which closed in 1925.

Boundary Bend was the home of Arch Conner who died in 1980 at age 93. Known as ‘The Old Man of the Murray’, he was famous in the area as a fisherman on the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers. In his latter years he was a fully qualified paddle steamer ‘Master’.

Above:- Photos of Arch Conner, c/o State Library of South Australia B 63241/2, PRG 1258/4/79; and whiteburys.com

We then turned off the highway onto River Track and followed the 4WD track through magnificent River Red Gum forest and along the mighty Murray River. Our destination was to be the junction of the Murray and the Murrumbidgee Rivers.

We then took the Murrumbidgee Junction Track and soon reached the junction of the two rivers. This was a place I had always wanted to visit, and I was not disappointed. It was a beautiful spot and incredibly quiet.

The Murrumbidgee is a major tributary of the Murray River and is the second longest river in Australia. Murrumbidgee is an aboriginal word meaning ‘plentiful water’ or ‘big water’. It flows through the Australian States of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory towards its confluence with the Murray near Boundary Bend.

In January 1830, explorer Charles Napier Sturt (1795-1869) and his party rowed down the lower half of the Murrumbidgee River in a stoutly built, large row-boat, from Narrandera to the Murray River, and then down the Murray River to the sea. They then rowed back upstream, against the current, to their starting point.

Sturt wrote:-

“Suddenly the Murrumbidgee took a southern direction but in its tortuous course swept round to every point of the compass with the greatest irregularity. We were carried at a fearful rate down it’s gloomy and contracted banks. At 3 p.m., Hopkinson called out that we were approaching a junction, and in less than a minute afterwards we were hurried into a broad and noble river.” 

Above:- Image of Charles Sturt and map showing his expeditions. c/o Wikipedia.

We kept following River Track and headed to the Passage Camp Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2173. The park is located about 46 km south-east of the town of Robinvale.

This was to be a first time activation of the park by myself and Marija. Mike VK6MB had previously activated the park back in 2019.

The Passage Camp Nature Conservation Reserve is 0.21 km² in size and was established in 2015. The park is divided in two by an anabranch of the Murray River.

Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (1792-1855) was a surveyor and explorer of south-eastern Australia. Mitchell’s third expedition which commenced in March 1836 was to explore and survey the lower part of the Darling River with instructions to head up the Murray River and then return to the settled areas around Yass.

At the time it was the largest and most costly expedition which had been mounted in Australia. A total of 11 horses, 52 bullocks, 100 sheep, 22 carts and a boat carriage accompanied Mitchell, his Assistant Surveyor Granville Stapylton, and 22 convicts, all outfitted in grey trousers, red shirts and white cross braces.

From near Orange in New South Wales, Mitchell followed the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers to the Murray River and continued downstream to a major river junction. He proved that this was the Darling which he had previously explored.

Returning upstream along the Murray, Mitchell launched his boats at the present day Boundary Bend, crossed the Murray River and entered what is now the State of Victoria on the 13th June. On the 13th to 16th June 1836 Mitchell and his party camped at Passage Camp.

We found an information board at Passage Camp with lots of information about Mitchell which was very interesting. We also stopped to have a look at Pelican Point.

The park was well signposted.

It was another beautiful sunny day and we enjoyed some terrific views of the Murray River from the park.

I kicked off the activation at Passage Camp and called CQ on 7.139 which was answered by Peter VK3PF, followed by Ian VK1DI, and then Steve VK3SMW. Contact number ten was with Brian VK2CCP.

I logged a total of 23 stations on 40m before callers dried up. Contacts were made into VK1, VK2, VK3, VK4, and VK5. This included a Park to Park contact with Stuart VK3UAO/p who was activating the Jallukar Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2155. Marija also logged Stuart for a Park to Park QSO.

Marija then jumped into the operator’s chair. Marija’s first contact was with Peter VK3PF, followed by Deryck VK4FDJL and then Joe VK3SRC. Marija’s tenth contact was with Adrian VK5FANA.

Marija logged a total of 29 stations on 40m SSB before handing the mic back to me.

I was keen, if possible, to get my 44 contacts and qualify the park for the global WWFF program. Callers were slow, and with 43 contacts in the log, Marty VK4KC suggested we try 40m AM. I switched off and logged Marty, 5/9 both ways on AM.

I then headed to 80m and called CQ for 5 minutes but had no takers.

We were packing up when we saw a spot for Gerard VK2IO/p in a park on 40m. So we quickly hoisted up the 7 metre squid pole and logged Gerard who was activating the Jervis Bay Marine Park VKFF-1408.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3UAO/p (Jallukar Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2155)
2. VK3PF
3. VK4FDJL
4. VK3SRC
5. VK5WG
6. VK5SCR
7. VK2HRX
8. VK3MCK
9. VK3EJ
10. VK5FANA
11. VK1MAL
12. Vk2DG
13. VK3UH
14. VK3SMW
15. VK5CZ
16. VK2TM
17. VK5GY
18. VK2LEE
19. VK3PI
20. VK3YV
21. VK2VH
22. VK4AAC/2
23. VK7QP
24. VK2VW
25. VK2HFI
26. VK4KC
27. VK4MAD
28. VK4DOG
29. VK3TKK/m
30. VK2HBG/p (Jervis Bay Marine Park VKFF-1408)

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3PF
2. VK1DI
3. VK3MSW
4. VK5GY
5. VK7QP
6. VK5CZ
7. VK2IO
8. VK5FANA
9. VK3BBB
10. VK2CCP
11. VK4NH
12. VK4DXA
13. ZL4TY/VK4
14. VK5TOM
15. VK3ZPF
16. VK5LTD/p
17. VK3UH
18. VK3JP
19. VK3TKK/m
20. VK5WG
21. VK2TM
22. VK3UAO/p (Jallukar Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2155)
23. VK4FDJL
24. VK4KC
25. VK4MAD
26. VK4DOG
27. VK3SRC
28. VK3BXG
29. VK2VH
30. VK4AAC/2
31. VK3SQ
32. VK5FDMG
33. VK3KV/m
34. VK7DIK
35. VK2QM
36. VK2FMPC
37. VK3PI
38. VK3MCK
39. VK5AYL
40. VK3ZSC
41. VK4KC
42. VK4MAD
43. VK4DOG
44. VK2HBG/p (Jervis Bay Marine Park VKFF-1408)

I worked the following station on 40m AM:-

1. VK4KC

References.

Discover Murray, 2021, <http://www.murrayriver.com.au/boundary-bend/>, viewed 9th May 2021.

Protected Planet, 2021, <https://www.protectedplanet.net/314794>, viewed 10th May 2021.

Robinvale-Euston Visitor Centre, 2021, <https://www.robinvaleeuston.com/murrumbidgee-junction/>, viewed 10th May 2021.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murrumbidgee_River>, viewed 10th May 2021.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(explorer)>, viewed 10th May 2021.

It was now day ten (Thursday 15th April 2021) of our trip. We had planned on heading out to Mungo National Park today, but after a visit to the Robinvale Visitor Information Centre, we were convinced to leave that trip til the next day and leave bright and early.

While at the Visitor Info Centre we had a look at the old Robinvale Railway Station. It was built in 1924 at the terminal station on the Korong Vale line to service north western Victoria. This line took a period of almost 40 years to reach from Korong Vale. The Robinvale Station is classified as a 1919 Type C design and is the only remaining example of its type. The Edwardian 1919 design incorporates a lobby one end, an office area and ladies waiting room with a verandah facing the platform, with a yard toilet on the opposite end.

With our plans changed, we decided to activate a couple of parks and visit the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers.

Our first park activation for the day was the Tol Tol Flora & Fauna Reserve VKFF-2173, which is located about 10 km south of Robinvale.

We headed out of Robinvale on the Murray Valley Highway and then turned right onto Cook Road. We soon reached the park which was well signposted.

This was to be another first time activation of this park for both of us. The park had however been activated back in 2019 by Mike VK6MB.

The Tol Tol Flora & Fauna Reserve is 2.62 km² in size and was established in 2009. The park takes its name from the locality of Tol Tol. The Tol Tol Post office was open between 1924 and 1926.

The park is a small piece of remnant scrub which is surrounded by cleared farming land.

We found an open gate and drove into the park a short distance along the 4WD track.

We were set up and ready to go about 50 minutes before the UTC rollover which we hoped to use to our advantage to get to 44 QSOs. Marija placed a spot up for me on parksnpeaks while I called CQ on 7.144. This was answered by regular park hunter Gerard VK2IO, followed by Peter VK3TKK mobile, and then Glen VK4HMI.

Callers were quite spare and contact number ten for me was 16 minutes into the activation, with a QSO with Ray VK4NH.

Once I had qualified the park for VKFF with 10 contacts, I swapped the mic with Marija. Her first contact was with Ray VK4NH. Marija’s tenth contact was with Peter VK2KA.

Marija was happy that she had qualified the park for VKFF, and I jumped back into the operator’s chair with the hope that I might be able to get 44 contacts. However, it did not look promising as callers were slow.

Fortunately as the morning went on, the number of callers increased and I logged a total of 32 stations on 40m before the UTC rollover.

After the UTC rollover I logged a further 20 stations including three Park to Park QSOs: Joe VK3SRC/p and Julie VK3FOWL/p in the Churchill National Park VKFF-0621; and Marcel VK1ZAX/p in the Kosciuszko National Park VKFF-0269.

Contact number 44 was with Damien VK3EJ.

I also tried 80m where I logged 3 stations from VK2 and VK3.

And then 3 contacts on the 20m band into VK4.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK4NH
2. VK4DXA
3. ZL4TY/VK4
4. VK4KC
5. VK4MAD
6. VK4DOG
7. VK1DI
8. VK4HNS
9. VK3ZM
10. VK2KA

I worked the following stations before the UTC rollover on 40m SSB:-

1. VK2IO
2. VK3TKK/m
3. VK4HMI
4. VK4WTN
5. VK2HRX
6. VK4HNS
7. VK3ZM
8. VK3MCK
9. VK3NFS
10. VK4NH
11. VK4DXA
12. ZL4TY/VK4
13. VK4FDJL
14. VK1DI
15. VK2VW
16. VK2HFI
17. VK5HAA
18. VK2AB
19. VK4KC
20. VK4MAD
21. VK4DOG
22. VK3ZPF
23. VK3ANP
24. VK5FB
25. VK3IH
26. VK7QP
27. VK7AN
28. VK3SKT
29. VK3PF
30. VK2ABS
31. VK3CWF
32. VK1BUB

I worked the following stations after the UTC rollover on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3SRC (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
2. VK3FOWL (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
3. VK3CWF
4. VK4KC
5. Vk4MAD
6. VK4DOG
7. VK7QP
8. VK2VW
9. VK2HFI
10. VK5WG
11. VK5FB
12. VK3EJ
13. VK4NH
14. VK4DXA
15. ZL4TY/VK4
16. VK3TEK
17. VK3PF
18. VK1ZAX/p (Kosciuszko National Park VKFF-0269)
19. VK7AN
20. VK3ZPF
21. VK1DI

I worked the following stations on 80m SSB:-

1. VK3PF
2. VK3MCK
3. VK2DG

I worked the following stations on 20m SSB:-

1. VK4KC
2. VK4MAD
3. VK4DOG

References.

Protected Planet, 2021, <https://www.protectedplanet.net/314763>, viewed 9th May 2021.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tol_Tol,_Victoria>, viewed 9th May 2021

After packing up at the Merbein South Flora Reserve, Marija and I headed over the Murray River and into New South Wales. We travelled south along the Sturt Highway and soon reached Trentham Estate Winery. The winery has been operating since 1988 and has grown from a 30 tonne crush to today’s ability to handle 5,000 tonnes of premium fruit each vintage.

It was a beautiful sunny day and we enjoyed a glass of red and a platter with cheese, meats, dips and various other condiments. I could have easily stayed there and had a few more glasses of wine, but I knew I had to drive.

The winery is located right alongside of the Murray River and we enjoyed some great views of the mighty Murray while we enjoyed our wine and platter.

We then continued along the Sturt Highway and detoured off to have a look at Bottle Bend, a sharp bend in the Murray River.

We then continued south on the Sturt Highway and turned off onto Tapalin Mail Road, and then took a 4WD track into the Kemendok National Par VKFF-1174.

This was to be a first activation of the park by Marija and myself. The park had been activated on two previous occasions: Nick VK3ANL and Mike VK6MB in 2019.

The Kemendok National Park is located on the far west of New South Wales, about 40km south-east of Buronga and about 36 km north-west of Euston. The western boundary of Kemendok is defined by the Murray River (the State border between New South Wales and Victoria).

The Kemendok National Park is 9,794 hectares in size and was established on the 1st day of July 2010. Prior to this it was known as the Mallee Cliffs State Forest, dedicated way back in 1922 for the purposes of timber production and other uses including apiary and grazing.

The area which is now the park was back in 1851 known as the Bengallow Run, a 12,432 hectare run which had a capacity of 4,000 sheep and was leased to John McKinlay. By 1879 the Bengallow Run was part of the Tapalin Pastoral Holding which comprised 13 runs. The Tapalin Homestead was located in the southern section of the park and today this area is referred to as The Mulberries. Nil remains of the buildings, however three mulberry trees can still be found, along with a grave which is believed to be that of a farm labourer.

By 1884 there were two homestead leases on the Murray River including Bengallow Station homestead which was owned by John Grace.

The Kemendok National Park surrounds the Kemendok Nature Reserve which was gazetted in 1988. Limited access is allowed to the Reserve. Adjacent to the eastern boundary of Kemedok is a 8,190 hectare privately managed conservation reserve.

Across the river in Victoria are Hattah-Kulkyne National Park, Murray-Kulkyne Park, River Murray Reserve and Karadoc Nature Conservation Reserve.

The Kemendok National Park contains significant vegetation which is otherwise poorly represented around Australia. This includes River Red Gum-Black Box Woodland, and Chenopod-Mallee Shrubland. Some of the River Red Gums are 20 metres in height.

The park is home to numerous native animal species and birds. This includes the eastern subspecies of the Regent Parrot which is listed as threatened at both State and National level. Other birds found in the park include White-bellied Sea Eagle, Major Mitchell Cockatoo, Black-eared Miner, Rufous Field-wren, Little Eagle, and Gilberts Whistler.

Prior to propping on a frequency and calling CQ, Marija and I logged a Park to Park contact with Daryl VK3AWA/p who was activating The Lakes National Park VKFF-0484.

We then moved down the 40m band to 7.115 and I started calling CQ. This was answered by Ray VK3NBL, followed by Mal VK5MJ and then Cam VK2DG. Contact number ten for me was with Chris VK2NAP/p who was in the Booderee National Park VKFF-0043.

Band conditions on 40m were excellent and it only took me about 45 minutes and I had 44 contacts in the log. Contact number 44 was with Mike VK3ZMD in Melbourne.

With 45 contacts in the log I swapped operator positions with Marija.

Marija soon had her own pile-up to deal with. Marija’s 10th contact was with Ray VK4DXA, and within 35 minutes Marija had qualified the park for the global WWFF program. Contact number 44 was with Graham VK7ZGK. Marija logged a further 2 stations and then handed the mic back to me. Marija’s contacts were into VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, and VK7.

I called CQ on 14.310 and this was answered by Marty VK4KC. Sadly the Over the Horizon Radar was present on 20m again and was strength 9 plus. It certainly made things very difficult at times. I logged a total of 9 stations on 20m from VK4 and New Zealand.

To conclude the activation I called CQ on 3.610 on the 80m band where I logged a total of 8 stations from VK3, VK4, and VK5.

This had been a particular good activation with a total of 115 QSOs in the log between the two of us.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3AWA/p (The Lakes National Park VKFF-0484)
2. VK2HRX
3. VK3PF
4. VK5TOM
5. VK5FANA
6. VK5HS
7. VK3EJ
8. VK5WG
9. VK4NH
10. VK4DXA
11. ZL4TY/VK4
12. VK2VH
13. VK4AAC/2
14. VK3TJK
15. VK3SQ
16. VK3PI
17. VK2EAC
18. VK3GL/p
19. VK3MPR
20. VK3LL
21. VK4KLA
22. VK4HNS
23. VK3GB
24. VK2NMZ
25. VK3BBB
26. VK2CCP
27. VK4HAT
28. VK5JP
29. VK5VC
30. VK4KC
31. VK4MAD
32. VK4DOG
33. VK5BMC
34. VK3SRC
35. VK2DG
36. VK2PKT
37. VK2KMI
38. VK5MJ
39. VK3MKE
40. VK3NFS
41. VK5MSA
42. VK3AJK
43. VK5KLV
44. VK7ZGK
45. VK3ZPF
46. VK5LB

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3AWA/p (The Lakes National Park VKFF-0484)
2. VK3NBL
3. VK5MJ
4. VK2DG
5. VK5TOM
6. VK3CWF
7. VK3PF
8. VK5GY
9. VK5HS
10. VK2NAP/p (Booderee National Park VKFF-0043)
11. VK5MRE
12. VK5PL
13. VK3BBB
14. VK5RK
15. VK4FDJL
16. VK5WG
17. VK3XCI
18. VK5BMC
19. VK2IO
20. VK4NH
21. VK4DXA
22. ZL4TY/VK4
23. VK4HMI
24. VK2VH
25. VK4AAC/2
26. VK5FDMG
27. VK5FANA
28. VK3DAC
29. VK3SQ
30. VK3PI
31. VK7ME
32. VK7QP
33. VK3GYH
34. VK3TJK
35. VK3MPR
36. VK7EE
37. VK2KYO
38. VK3HY
39. VK1DI
40. VK4KC
41. VK4MAD
42. VK4DOG
43. VK3FRC
44. VK3ZMD
45. VK2EAC
46. VK5LB
47. ZL1TM
48. VK5MSA
49. VK3ZPF
50. VK2STG/m
51. VK3UH
52. VK3YV

I worked the following stations on 20m SSB:-

1. VK4KC
2. VK4MAD
3. VK4DOG
4. VK4BXX
5. VK4/NN3Z
6. VK4HB
7. VK4PHD
8. ZL4NVW
9. VK4HAT

I worked the following stations on 80m SSB:-

1. VK3PF
2. VK3MCK
3. VK5FANA
4. VK4NH
5. VK4DXA
6. ZL4TY/VK4
7. VK3ARH
8. VK3HRA

Rather than heading back to the highway we took the dirt back roads which at times was slow due to stock crossing the road.

We then drove into Robinvale on the Victorian/New South Wales border and booked into our accomodation, the Robinvale Motel. That evening we enjoyed a beautiful meal at the motel’s restaurant.

References.

Kemendok National Park Plan of Management, 202, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.

NSW NPWS, 2021, <https://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/visit-a-park/parks/kemendok-national-park>, viewed 8th May 2021

Trentham Estate, 2021, <https://trenthamestate.com.au/the-winery>, viewed 8th May 2021

It was now day nine (Wednesday 14th April 2021). Our plans today were a revisit to the Merbein South Flora Reserve, a visit to Trentham EstateWinery, and an afternoon activation of the Kemendok National Park.

We started the day with breakfast again at the Langtree cafe for breakfast.

We also visited the W.B. Chaffey statue in Mildura. It was erected by his many friends in Mildura and throughout Australia.

We also had a look at the Chaffey fountain in Mildura. This is the original fountain. A replica is located in front of Rio Vista House. The fountain was turned off and remained idle following the tragic drowning of one of the Chaffey children in 1897. The fountain was later donated to the people of Mildura in 1936.

Our next stop was the Mildura Homestead cemetery which consists of two adjacent graveyards. The earliest contains the graves of Joseph Hawdon and the other where the Chaffey women are buried. One solitary grave stood in the Homestead cemetery, the first cemetery in Mildura, for nearly 40 years. In 1848, John Hawdon, a former employee at Kulnine Station, fell from his horse. He later died in a tent on the riverbank. John was the son of Joseph Hawdon who, with MC Bonney, drove 340 cattle from Melbourne to Adelaide along the Murray, passing Mildura early in 1838.

We then indulged our sweet tooth propensity and visited the Ye Olde Lolly Shoppe in Mildura. It was like stepping back in time with all different sorts of lollies and chocolates. The shop was Mildura’s original lolly shop and was first opened in 1938. The shop continues to operate with all the original fittings and magic of old fashioned stores providing over 4000 lines of confectionery from all over the world.

We then headed to Lock 11 and the Mildura Weir. The Mildura Weir was constructed between 1923 and 1927. It is a Dethridge type weir comprising 24 steel trestles, each weighing about 11 tonnes. Lock 11 is unique in that the lock was built inside a bend of the river, with the weir in the bend itself. A channel was dug to the lock, creating an island between it and the weir.

Lock 11 is a concrete chamber 61.54m long, 17.1 m wide and 7.6, deep. Each of the four steel lock gates is 9.4m, 6.9m high, and is made of 12mm steel plate and weighs 18 tonnes.

I spent quite a bit of time here birdwatching and taking some snaps. Some of my shots can be seen below, including some of Whistling Kites.

We then drove out to the Mildura cemetery to view the headstone of W.B. Chaffey, the founder of Mildura.

It was then time for us to head back to the Merbein South Flora Reserve VKFF-2383. Access was via Midgey Road.

As I only need 13 contacts from this park (31 in the log from yesterday), we operated from the vehicle. First in the log was Rob VK2VH. Ray VK4NH was my 13th caller and 44th in total.

I ended up logging a total of 23 stations on 40m from VK1, VK2, VK3, VK4, and VK5. This included a Park to Park contact with Stuart VK3UAO/p who was activating the The Spit Wildlife Reserve VKFF-2452.

To conclude the activation I put out a few quick calls on 20m and logged just the one station, Linda Vk7QP in Tasmania.

Marija worked the following station on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3UAO/p (The Spit Wildlife Reserve VKFF-2452)

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK2VH
2. VK4AAC/2
3. VK5WG
4. VK3AWA
5. VK4KLA
6. VK3SQ
7. VK3UAO/p (The Spit Wildlife Reserve VKFF-2452)
8. VK7QP
9. VK2IO
10. VK5FANA
11. VK4NH
12. VK4DXA
13. ZL4TY/VK4
14. VK3UH
15. VK3XCI
16. VK2UK
17. VK3TKK/m
18. VK4KC
19. VK4MAD
20. VK4DOG
21. VK1NK
22. VK2YW
23. VK3VRA

I worked the following station on 20m SSB:-

1. VK7QP

References.

Mildura Rural City Council, 2021, <https://www.mildura.vic.gov.au/Latest-News/Rio-Vista-Fountain-returned-to-former-glory-in-conservation-project>, viewed 8th May 2021.

Visit Mildura, 2021, <https://www.visitmildura.com.au/Operators/Family-Fun/Bushells-on-Tenth-Ye-Olde-Lolly-Shoppe.aspx>, viewed 8th May 2021

Today, day eight (Tuesday 13th April 2021) we planned on an entire day of sightseeing, and no park activating. As it turned out, we did slip in one quick park activation which you can read about a little later in this blog.

After breakfast we headed across the Murray River into New South Wales and visited the Mildura Holden Motor Museum at Buronga. We spent quite some time here admiring all of the magnificent Holden motor vehicles. It brought back a lot of memories. The museum houses a private collection of Holdens dating way back to the very first 48-215 (FJ) to the recent model Monaro and Statesman.

The museum’s website tells the very interesting story behind the collection. About 35 years ago, the owner of the now Mildura Holden Motor Museum, Ron Morello, ran an earthmoving business. He was called upon to clear his neighbour’s land and prepare the land for construction. He was ordered that ‘everything must go’. A storage shelter was crushed which contained a ‘pristine’ FX Holden.

In 1975, after realising what he had done, Ron started looking for an FX to buy. In January 1981 he purchased an original FX Holden with only 42,000 miles on the clock.

We then visited Orange World at Buronga which is a working 50 acre citrus property. We took a tractor train tour of the orchards and a commentary on the citrus industry. Fruit grown at Orange World includes various types of oranges, mandarin, grapefruit and avocados.

Orange World makes its own gourmet products including Murray marmalade which we purchased and can highly recommend.

We then headed to the town of Wentworth in New South Wales and visited the old Wenworth Gaol which is a heritage listed former gaol and school building. The gaol was designed by colonial architect James Barnet and was constructed from 1879 to 1881 by Whitcombe Brothers, Hay. It was the first of the Australian designed gaols, followed by Hay and Dubbo.

The gaol operated until 1927. Following its closure as a gaol, the building was utilised as extra classrooms for the Wentworth Central School until 1963.

There is a lot to see here, with many excellent displays, and we spent a number of hours wandering through the old gaol buildings.

We then had a look at the Ferguson Tractor Monument in Wentworth. The monument was erected by the people of Wentworth in honour of the TEA20 Harry Ferguson tractors’ part in the construction of the massive levee banks that protected the town of Wentworth against the devastating 1956 Murray River floods.

The stone cairn sits at the height which the water from the floods would have reached had it not been for the clay levee banks put in place with the use of the Ferguson tractors.

Next up we visited the Wentworth wharf and the Captain John Egge statue. Captain Egge was a Wentworth river captain and pioneer who lived from 1830 to 1901. He had arrived in Australia as a boy from China. He worked as a baker in Wentworth from 1857 for over three decades as a baker, river trader and riverboat owner.

In the early days Wentworth was the busiest inland port in New South Wales. During 1890 it was reported that some 425 paddle boats checked in at the Wentworth Customs Office. The record being 31 in just one wek. So prominent did the town become, that Wentworth was one of the last three places considered for the ‘capital’ of Australia at the time of Federation in 1901.

We then drove to the Murray River and Darling River junction and viewing tower. We climbed the tower and admired the view of the confluence of the Murray and Darling, which combined is the fourth largest river system in the world.

We then drove a short distance to have a look at Lock and Weir number 10 at Wentworth. The lock is 830 km from the river mouth and is 30.8 metres above sea level. Construction of the lock was completed in 1929.

We then drove out to Perry Sandhills, a very distinctive landmark in the flat floodplain behind the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers. The sands originated in the river beds at a time when the rivers were much deeper and faster, and carried a sandy bedload rather than suspended clay as today. When the river flows dropped, sand from the exposed riverbeds was blown into river-side dunes, known as source-bordering dunes. The lunettes a Lake Mungo are also source-bordering dunes.

The dunes have not been directly dated, but they are at least 50,000 years old given the presence of fossils of giant extinct animals, the megafauna. The older layers could be over 100,000 years, dating back prior to the last ice age.

We headed back into Wentworth and had a look at McClymont House, a Murray Pine ‘drop log construction’ building which was built as Wentworth’s first court house in 1863. In 1879 it was replaced by the present structure. Later it became part of the Andrew McClymont home which was moved to this site in 1972 to enhance is preservation.

Nearby we also viewed the Tractor monument, which is to acknowledge all tractor rallies held in Wentworth to commemorate the 1956 Murray River flood and the role the Massey Ferguson tractor ‘Fergie’ plated in saving the town.

In the same park is a statue of ‘The Possum’. David James Jones (1901-1982) was a bush recluse who was born in New Zealand. He was shunned while attempting to get work around the Wentworth area as a shearer. As a result he shunned his back on society and headed for the bush and became a recluse. He was only ever seen by members of the public a few times in the next 52 years before his death.

The Possum’s body was found in 1982 at one of his camp sites on Ned’s Corner Station, about 70km west of Mildura. He was 81 years old.

We also had a look at the P.S. Ruby, which is a historic Paddle Steamer built at Morgan in South Australia by David Milne in 1907 for use by Captain Hugh King. The Ruby carried 30 passengers in style and comfort with three decks.

During the early 1930’s Ruby was taken off the run and was tied up at her home port of Morgan. In 1938 she was purchased and brought to Mildura and used as a houseboat. By 1968 the Ruby had deteriorated substantially and was purchased by the Wentworth Rotary Club and was towed to Wentworth.

In 1996 the Wentworth Rotary Club placed the Ruby into the trusteeship of the Wentworth Shire Council.  Restoration then commenced and in July 2004 the Ruby was re-commissioned.

Nearby there is also an excellent display of old tractors, machinery, and various other old equipment.

Our next stop was Junction Island Nature Reserve near the junction of the Murray and the Darling. We had hoped to do some birdwatching here, but the small pedestrian bridge to the island was closed. We viewed the old Canoe tree which was made many ??? years ago by local aboriginals.

To make the canoe, the first step the aborigines took was to make an outline of the shape of the canoe they required with cutting stones or stone tools. Once this was marked, they cut deeply into the tree to what is known as the heartwood or xylem, prying the bark off in one piece with a stick or rocks.

Feeling very disappointed that the Junction Island Nature Refuge was closed, we headed to the second option, the Thegoa Lagoon & Reserve drive. This is 4WD only with a number of marked features including canoe trees. Thegoa Lagoon was a great source of ‘bush tucker’ for aboriginals including plants like nardoo, cumbungi, and ruby salt bush, as well as kangaroos, lizards, yabbies, mussels and fish.

Unfortunately the Thegoa Lagoon was dry and bird watching opportunities were very limited. Thegoa Lagoon is an ephemeral (non-permanent) freshwater wetland having wet and dry cycles. Thegoa is believed to be an aboriginal word. The area was surveyed by Government Surveyor Francis McCabe and he first recorded the name Thegoa in 1850. He employed aboriginal people in order to follow the instructions of Surveyor-General Thomas Mitchell to record aboriginal place names wherever possible.

The only birds that we saw which were prevalent were White winged Choughs.

We then left Thegoa Lagoon and took some 4WD tracks which followed the Murray River, stopping every now and again to enjoy the views.

We then took the Silver City Highway and stopped briefly in the little town of Curlwaa. The town takes its name from an aboriginal word meaning native peach, the Quandong tree which is indigenous to the area.

There is a small monument here to commemorate the famous explorer Major Mitchell who camped in the area in 1836 after confirming Captain Charles Sturt’s discovery of the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers.

There is also a monument re the 1956 floods. It reads:-

“Erected by the Water Conservation and Irrigation Commission to commemorate the epic struggle of local residents, volunteers from surrounding districts, detachments of the armed forces and Police Department, supported by Ladies organizations against the waters of the record floos of July and August 1956. By their efforts the Curlwaa irrigation area was saved from complete inundation by the flood waters which reached and held for six consecutive days a height of 30 feet on the Curlwaa gauge’.

We then crossed over Abbortsford Bridge, over the mighty Murray River and back into the State of Victoria. We decided to do a quick activation of the Merbein South Flora Reserve VKFF-2382, from the vehicle.

We had been ‘warned’ about this little flora reserve which apparently was not the prettiest of parks.

Merbein South Flora Reserve is a tiny park, just 0.02 km² in size. It was established in 1990. It can be reached via Midgey Road which runs off McCarthy’s Road.

The park is signposted and was quite easy to find once we consulted a map. The park takes its name from the town of Merbein. The settlement in the area was originally known as White Cliffs due to the white cliffs of the nearby Murray River. It was intended to be renamed “Merebin”, reputedly an Aboriginal name of a local sandhill, but it was mistakenly registered as “Merbein” instead.

It was late by the time we reached the park and we did not set up the portable gear, but rather, operated from the vehicle.

First in the log was Hans VK6XN who was activating the Blackwood River National Park VKFF-2949. Marija and I both logged Hans for a Park to Park contact.

We then moved down to 7.160 and I called CQ. This was answered by Brett VK2BDS, followed by Mark VK4SMA, and then Brian VK3BBB. After 5 minutes I had contact number 10 in the log, a QSO with Greg VK4/NN3Z.

I then swapped the mic with Marija and she soon had 10 contacts in the log, qualifying the park for VKFF. Contact number 10 was with Daryl VK3AWA.

Marija then handed me back the mic to see how many contacts I could log before we had to head back into Mildura. We did not want to miss out on a meal. I logged a total of 30 stations on 40m from VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, VK6, and New Zealand. This included a Park to Park QSO with Tony VK3XV/p who was activating the Bass River Mouth Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2949.

To complete the activation we quickly ducked down to the 80m band to log our good friend Ivan VK5HS who was unable to hear us on the 40m band.

With 31 contacts in the log for me, and 11 for Marija, we headed off for our evening meal.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK6XN/p (Blackwood River National Park VKFF-2949)
2. VK4BXX
3. VK4/NN3Z
4. VK2PBC
5. VK3PF
6. VK4FDJL
7. VK4SMA
8. VK2ABS
9. VK2PKT
10. VK3AWA
11. VK3YV/p (Bass River Mouth Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2181)

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK6XN/p (Blackwood River National Park VKFF-2949)
2. VK2BDS
3. VK4SMA
4. VK3BBB
5. VK2CCP
6. VK4KC
7. VK4MAD
8. VK4DOG
9. VK4BXX
10. VK4/NN3Z
11. VK3AWA
12. VK3YV/p (Bass River Mouth Nature Conservation Reserve VKFF-2181)
13. ZL4NVW
14. ZL1THH
15. VK2PBC
16. VK2YK
17. VK5GA
18. VK4HNS
19. VK2PKT
20. VK2QM
21. VK3NCR
22. VK2IO
23. VK5SCR
24. VK2GMC
25. VK3ZK
26. VK3ANL
27. VK3MPR
28. VK3ARH
29. VK3ZPF
30. VK6JK

I worked the following station on 80m SSB:-

1. VK5HS

We headed back to our apartment and freshened up and headed out for dinner at the Seoul Korean restaurant in Mildura. What a sensational meal!

References.

1. Discover Murray, 2021, <http://www.murrayriver.com.au/curlwaa>, viewed 8th May 2021
2. Mildura Holden Motor Museum, 2021, <https://milduraholdenmuseum.com.au/our-history/>, viewed 8th May 2021.
3. Orange World, 2021, <https://www.orangeworldmildura.com.au/about.html>, viewed 8th May 2021.
4. Sunraysia Daily, 2021, <https://www.sunraysiadaily.com.au/your-100-years/1586742/possum-dies>, viewed 8th May 2021.
5. Visit Wentworth, 2021, <https://visitwentworth.com.au/business/old-wentworth-gaol/>, viewed 8th May 2021.
6. Visit Wentworth, 2021, <https://visitwentworth.com.au/attractions/ferguson-tractor-monument/>, viewed 8th May 2021.
7. Visit Wentworth, 2021, <https://visitwentworth.com.au/attractions/darling-and-murray-river-junction-and-viewing-tower/>, viewed 8th May 2021.
8. Visit Wentworth, 2021, <https://visitwentworth.com.au/attractions/junction-island-nature-reserve-canoe-tree-and-walking-track/>, viewed 8th May 2021.
9. Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wentworth_Gaol>, viewed 8th May 2021.
10. WIkipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merbein>, viewed 8th May 2021

Today was day seven of our trip (12th April 2021) and after 2 days of lots of radio we decided to spend most of the day sightseeing in and around Mildura in north-western Victoria. We also had a commitment in the evening at the home of Cam VK2DG.

We again headed down the street to get breakfast and then drove across the Murray River into New South Wales and visited the Australian Inland Botanic Gardens at Mourquong. This is the southern hemisphere’s first semi-arid botanical gardens and was established in 1989.

We could have spent hours here, but we needed to be back in Mildura at about 10.00 a.m. for a cruise along the Murray River. There is a lot to see at the Botanicl Gardens.

We undertook one walk in the park, The Nature Trail. This little area of native shrubs, bushes, and trees was absolutely alive with birdlife. I spent quite a bit of time here taking snaps, some of which can be seen below.

Another interesting spot in the park which looked at was the Sturt Desert Pea bed. Swainsona formosa, or the Sturt Desert Pea is South Australia’s floral emblem. It is famous for its distinctive blood-red leaf-like flowers. The common name of the plant is named in honour of explorer Charles Sturt who recorded seeing large quantities of the flowers while exploring central Australia during 1844. The scientific name honours the naturalist Isaac Swainson

One of the Botanic Garden staff pointed us to an area behind a large bush where there were pink Sturt Desert Pea growing.

We also visited the rose garden which contains over 1,600 rose bushes.

It was then back across the Murray and back into the State of Victoria. We had a Murray River cruise booked aboard the historic PS Rothbury which was built in 1881 at Gunbower in Victoria. It was constructed as a large and powerful two boat and was used to tow barges for the wool and logging trade.

More information on the Rothbury can be found at ……

https://www.paddlesteamers.com.au/paddle-vessel-rothbury

It was an absolutely glorious sunny day and an excellent way to spend 2 hours, cruising downstream long the Murray.

Part of the cruise took us through Lock 11. We had seen a number of the locks along the Murray during our trip, but it was incredibly interesting to pass through one and see how they work.

The Murray River is Australia’s longest river at 2,508 km. The Murray rises in the Australian Alps and meanders northwest across Australia’s inland plains and forms the State Border between New South Wales and Victoria. It then flows into South Australia before emptying into the Great Australian Bight near Goolwa South.

The cruise along the river took us passed some pretty impressive homes.

And there was plenty of birdlife.

Once we arrived back on dry land we headed into Mildura city central and grabbed a bite to eat. I could not get through all of my meal.

After lunch we visited the magnificent Rio Vista historic house which was first occupied by William Benjamin (W.B.) Chaffey and his family in 1892. W.B. Chaffey was a Canadian engineer and irrigiation planner who with his older brother George Chaffey developed the town of Mildura.

The name of the house Rio Vista is Spanish meaning ‘River View’. The house was designed as a large family home in domestic Queen Anne style and remained a family home until the 1950s. It was built during the height of the Chaffey’s success, however the Chaffey Brothers Ltd Company went into liquidation in December 1895. The Chaffeys suffered financial ruin and this resulted in Rio Vista falling into a state of disrepair.

W.B. Chaffey lived in the house until his death in 1926. His second wife Heather ‘Hattie’ lived in the house until her death in 1950 at which time the house was purchased by the Mildura City Council for conversion into an art gallery.

Much of the original decor has been restored to its original condition.

We then visited the Mildura Station Homestead. The building on the site is a recreation of the Mildura Homestead which was constructed by brothers Hugh and Bushby Jamieson about 1850.

The area now known as Mildura was first settled on the 1st day of March 1847 when Francis Jenkins swam 900 cattle and 10 horses across the Murray River from New South Wales to the site of the Mildura Station Homestead. Jenkins believed he had settled in South Australia and he travelled to Adelaide ro register his selection. Meanwhile the Jamiesons obtained Departuring Licence for leasehold from Melbourne and named the property ‘Yerre Yerre. In 1858 the name was changed to Mildura.

There were some great views of the Murray River from the Homestead and we were able to see the Rothbury cruise passed on her afternoon journey down the river.

We then travelled south out of Mildura on the Calder Highway and headed to the Yatpool Flora Reserve VKFF-2501 for our one and only park activation of the day.

Yatpool is located about 19 km south of Mildura and about 523 km north-west of the city of Melbourne.

The Yatpool Flora Reserve is about 0.33 km² in size and was established in 2006. The park is located on the eastern side of the Calder Highway and either side of Yatpool West Road.

The park was well signposted and found without any difficulty. Make sure you are in the correct section of scrub. The Yatpool Tank Bushland Reserve is located opposite on the eastern side of the Calder Highway.

Yatpool is a piece of remnant mallee scrub. The land surrounding the park has been cleared for agricultural purposes.

This was to be a first time activation of this park by myself and Marija. The park had been previously activated on four occasions by Nick VK3ANL, Mike VK6MB, Liz VK2XSE, and Peter VK2KNV.

Once we had set up we headed to 7.144 and found Nik VK3ZK/p calling CQ from the Cape Liptrap Coastal Park VKFF-0745. We each logged Nik for a Park to Park contact and then moved up the band to 7.152 where I called CQ. Adrian VK5FANA was the first to respond with an excellent 5/9 signal. Contact number 10 was with Marty VK4KC in Queensland.

I pushed on and logged a total of 54 stations. Contact number 44 was with Glen VK4HMI. Contacts were made to VK1, VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, VK7, and New Zealand. This included two Park to Park QSOs: Ben VK2AGB/p in the Brisbane Waters National Park VKFF-0056; and Stuart VK3UAO/p in the Lerderderg State Park VKFF-0763.

I had qualified the park for both VKFF and the global WWF program, so it was Marija’s turn to jump into the operator’s chair. Marija soon had 10 contacts in the log, with QSO number 10 being with Greg VK4BXX.

Marija soon developed a mini pile-up and within quick time she had 44 contacts in the log, qualifying the park for the global WWFF program. Contact number 44 was with Colin VK3ZLT.

We finished off the activation with some quick calls on 3.610 on the 80m band. Just one contact was logged there, but an excellent one, a Park to Park with John VK5HAA/p in the Simpson Conservation Park VKFF-1098 on Kangaroo Island.

We were pushing a bit for time, so we packed up and headed back to Mildura. We had a total of 101 QSOs in the log, including 9 Park to Park contacts.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3ZK/p (Cape Liptrap Coastal Park VKFF-0745)
2. VK3UAO/p (Lerderderg State Park VKFF-0763)
3. VK4KC
4. VK4MAD
5. VK4DOG
6. VK3PF
7. VK5FANA
8. VK3MCK
9. VK4BXX
10. VK4/NN3Z
11. VK7QP
12. VK2PET/5
13. VK5CZ/m
14. VK3LF
15. VK4HNS
16. VK3EJ
17. VK3FI
18. VK5FDMG
19. VK4KLA
20. VK4FDJL
21. VK5HAA/p (SImpson Conservation Park VKFF-1098)
22. VK5VGC
23. VK3MPR
24. VK2VOO
25. VK3CWF
26. VK2VH
27. VK4AAC/2
28. VK3MTT
29. VK5WG
30. VK5YX
31. ZL4NVW
32. VK2AGB/p (Brisbane Waters National Park VKFF-0056)
33. VK3BBB
34. VK2CCP
35. VK5IS
36. VK5HMB
37. VK7JFD
38. VK5KLV
39. VK3ACZ
40. VK5PTL
41. VK7MFI
42. VK5NRG
43. VK3TKK/m
44. VK3ZLT

Marija worked the following station on 80m SSB:-

1. VK5HAA/p (Simpson Conservation Park VKFF-1098)

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3ZK/p (Cape Liptrap Coastal Park VKFF-0745)
2. VK5FANA
3. VK7QP
4. VK3CWF
5. VK2VH
6. VK4AAC/2
7. VK3EJ
8. VK3BBB
9. VK2CCP
10. VK4KC
11. VK4MAD
12. VK4DOG
13. VK2QK
14. VK4HAT
15. VK2IO/m
16. VK3PF
17. VK3DEM
18. VK3SRC
19. VK4FDJL
20. VK5FDMG
21. VK3AWA
22. VK2AGB/p (Brisbane Waters National Park VKFF-0056)
23. VK2DG
24. VK7DM
25. VK5LA
26. VK3UAO/p (Lerderderg State Park VKFF-0763)
27. ZL1TM
28. VK3ANL
29. VK3AHR
30. VK2HMV
31. VK3MPR
32. VK3LF
33. VK5BW
34. VK4KLA
35. VK2PKT
36. VK1MIC
37. VK2PET/5
38. VK5HRZ
39. VK5CZ/m
40. VK3LK
41. VK5VST
42. VK2LEE
43. VK5JP
44. VK4HMI
45. VK2PBC
46. VK100AF
47. VK4BXX
48. VK4/NN3Z
49. VK1DI
50. VK2AIF
51. VK2XXL
52. VK2HRX
53. VK7ZGK
54. VK2ABS
55. VK5HAA/p (Simpson Conservation Park VKFF-1098)

I worked the following station on 80m SSB:-

1. VK5HAA/p (Simpson Conservation Park VKFF-1098)

We freshened up at our apartment and then headed out to the home of Cam VK2DG and enjoyed a really enjoyable evening with Cam and his wife, also Greg VK3MTV and his partner. This was a really great catch up. Cam even convinced Marija into buying a Yaesu FTDX101MP. Well done Cam!

References.

1. Protected Planet, 2021, <https://www.protectedplanet.net/127766>, viewed 8th May 2021
2. Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Inland_Botanic_Gardens>, viewed 7th May 2021
3. Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swainsona_formosa>, viewed 7th May 2021
4. Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_River>, viewed 7th May 2021

On Sunday evening (11th April 2021) Marija and attended the Mildura Working Mans Club and enjoyed a very nice meal with members of the Sunraysia Radio Group.

At the conclusion of dinner we headed upstairs where I delivered a presentation entitled ‘Having Fun in the Field’. I discussed the World Wide Flora Fauna program, portable equipment, and some tips for both Activators and Hunters.

Thanks to Brian VK3BBB and other members of the club for the invitation.

Day six of our trip (Sunday 11th April 2021) had rolled around very quickly. Today we planned to activate the Hattah Kulkyne National Park VKFF-0231 for day two of the Activation Weekend for the Keith Roget Memorial National Parks Award (KRMNPA).

We have activated Hattah Kulkyne previously for both KRMNPA and the World Wide Flora Fauna (WWFF) program. The park is located about 50 km south of Mildura and about 493 km north-west of the city of Melbourne.

Before heading out to the park, we visited the Langtree Cafe in Mildura once again for a terrific cooked meal. We can highly recommend this cafe. Good service, prompt delivery of your meal, and well priced good tucker.

We then headed south out of Mildura on the Calder Highway which was named after William Calder, who was the Chairman of the Country Roads Board (now VicRoads) from 1913 to 1928. We then turned left onto the Hattah-Robinvale Road and entered the park via the main entrance. The park was well signposted.

The Hattah-Kulkyne National Park is 48,000-hectare (120,000-acre) in size and was proclaimed on the 7th day of June 1960. It is the oldest National Park in the region.

The area was once part of the Kulkyne Station, a 3,000,000 acre squatter run. It subsequently became a State Forest and was logged heavily. During the 1930s Mildura resident Les Chandler initiated campaigns which subsequently led to the creation of the Hattah Kulkyne National Park.

Leslie Gordon Chandler (1888-1980) was an ornitholgist and photographer. He attended school in the Dandenong Ranges and used the walk to school to observe nature. At age 18 he commenced to give talks to schools and by 1907 he became one of Australia’s earliest photographers or birds. In that same year he joined the Bird Observer’s Club, the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union in 1910, and then in 1914 he joined the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria. In 1912 he took part in Australia’s first bird-banding scheme. From 1909 he published more than 100 articles on nature.

More information on this very interesting man can be found at……

https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-leslie-gordon-les-9725

Hattah Kulkyne National Park and the adjoining Murray Kulkyne Park were declared a biosphere reserve in 1981 under UNESCO’s Mand and the Biosphere program which aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.

The park lies in lies in typical mallee country with extensive low scrub and open native pine woodland. The lakes within the park and the surrounding floodplain contain 10 different vegetation communities with 115 significant flora species. The area supports about 308 different native fauna species, of which 57 are considered threatened in Victoria or nationally.

Over 1,000 aboriginal cultural sites have been recorded.

During the Second World War an internment camp for Italian Prisoners of War was located at Hattah Kulkyne. Some of the foundation posts of the two main buildings remain, along with the remains of fireplaces. ‘1942’ is inscribed in one of the bricks. There is no documentary evidence of prisoners here, however local sources indicate that there was a camp and that they possibly worked for the Forestry Commission.

There are eighteen lakes in the park, the largest being Lake Hattah. Others include Lake Bulla, Lake Arawak, Marramook Lake, Lake Brockie, Lake Roonki, and Lake Brockie. Most of these lakes and their streams are completely empty during the dry season. They are seasonally filled and support food and shelter for various waterbirds and fish.

The Hattah Kulkyne Lakes are listed under the Ramsar Convention. The signing of the convention took place in 1971 at the small Iranian town of Ramsar and is the first modern treaty between nations aimed at conserving natural resources.

Native mammals found in the park include Western Grey Kangaroos, Red Kangaroos, Eastern Grey kangaroos and Koalas. Over 200 bird species have been recorded in the Hattah Kulyne National Park, which is overlapped by the Murray-Sunset, Hattah and Annuello Important Bird Area (IBA). It was identified by BirdLife International as an IBA as it contains mallee habitat which supports numerous threatened mallee birds including the Malleefowl, the Black-eared Miner, and the Mallee emu-wren. 

We headed to the main campground area and to our pleasure we found it almost empty. There were just two caravans, so we had plenty of places to choose from to shade ourselves from the sun and string out the linked dipole.

I kicked off the activation. Our first contact was with Chris VK3MCO/p, followed by a Park to Park contact with Bryan VK3LF/p who was activating the Morwell National Park VKFF-0626.

I did not get the rush of callers I expected and after logging 22 stations on 40m we decided to try our luck on the 80m band. Contacts on 40m were logged from VK2, VK3, VK4, VK5, and VK5. This included the following Park to Park QSOs:-

• Bryan VK3LF/p – Morwell National Park VKFF-0626
• Joe VK3SRC/p – Mornington Peninsula National Park VKFF-0333
• Gerard VK2IO/p – Bouddi National Park VKFF-0049
• Peter VK3PF/p – Organ Pipes National Park VKFF-0627

On 80m between the two of us we logged a total of 21 stations from VK2, VK3, VK5, and VK7. That included the following Park to Park QSOs:-

• Allen VK3ARH/p – Barmah National Park VKFF-0739
• Peter VK3PF/p – Organ Pipes National Park VKFF-0627

We moved back to the 40m band where we logged a total of 95 QSOs from VK1, VK3, and VK7. It included the following Park to Park contacts:-

• Tony VK3YV/p – Wilsons Promontory National Park VKFF-0539
• Tim VK5AV/3 – Cobboboonee National Park VKFF-0728
• Peter VK2FPAR/p – William Howe Regional Park VKFF-2786
• Joe VK3SRC/p – Churchill National Park VKFF-0621
• Julie VK3FOWL – Churchill National Park VKFF-0621
• Joe VK3YSP/p – Churchill National Park VKFF-0621
• Adam VK2YK/5 – Shepherds Hill Recreation Park VKFF-1744
• Tim VK5AV/3 – Budj Bim (formerly Mount Eccles) National Park VKFF-0345
• Brett VK3MCA – Kara Kara National Park VKFF-0629
• Gerard VK2IO/p – Cockle Bay Nature Reserve VKFF-1908

I then moved to the 20m band where I logged 5 stations, all from Queensland.

It was then back to the 40m band where a further 38 stations were logged including the following Park to Park QSOs:-

• Tony VK3XV/p – Chiltern Mount Pilot National Park VKFF-0620
• Adam VK2YK/5 – Onkaparinga River Recreation Park VKFF-1738
• Alan VK2MG – Wyrrabalong National Park VKFF-0550
• James VK3JBM/p – Grampians National Park VKFF-0213
• David VK3GP/p – Grampians National Park VKFF-0213
• John VK5HAA/p – Pelican Lagoon Conservation Park VKFF-0926
• Peter VK3PF/p – Dandenong Ranges National Park VKFF-0132

We were told by a couple of the park hunters that Paul VK0PD at Casey Station Antarctica VKFF-0571 was on 20m, so we quickly lowered the squid pole and removed the links for the 20m section of the antenna and headed to 14.235.

I was extremely pleased to get the Park to Park with Paul with 5/8 sent and 5/7 received.

I then moved up to 14.310 and called CQ and logged four stations, Neil VK4HNS Lew VK4KLA, John VK6NU, and Linda VK7QP.

To conclude the activation we moved back to the 40m band and called CQ on 7.100 where a further 22 stations including the following Park to Park contacts were logged:-

• Allen VK3ARH/p – Hepburn Regional Park VKFF-0968
• Gerard VK2IO/p – Saratoga Island Nature Reserve VKFF-2713
• Adam VK2YK/5 – Onkaparinga River National Park VKFF-0402
• Tim VK5AV/3 – Mount Richmond National Park VKFF-0361

It was getting a little late in the afternoon and as we had a dinner commitment and a lecture that night, we packed up, feeling very pleased with a total of 217 QSOs in the log. This included 53 Park to Park contacts.

Marija worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3LF/p (Morwell National Park VKFF-0626)
2. VK3SRC (Mornington Peninsula National Park VKFF-0333)
3. VK2IO/p (Bouddi National Park VKFF-0049)
4. VK3PF/p (Organ Pipes National Park VKFF-0627)
5. VK3YV/p (Wilsons Promontory National Park VKFF-0539)
6. VK5AV/3 (Cobboboonee National Park VKFF-0728)
7. VK2FPAR/p (William Howe Regional Park VKFF-2786)
8. VK5DJ
9. VK5BMC
10. VK5FANA
11. VK1RB
12. VK7QP
13. VK5MAS
14. VK7EE
15. VK3BOT
16. VK2XSE
17. VK2HHA
18. VK3SRC/p (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
19. VK3FOWL/p (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
20. VK3PF/p (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
21. VK5CZ
22. VK3HSB
23. VK5GY
24. VK7ME
25. VK3CWF
26. VK3PMC
27. VK4HNS
28. VK2IO/p (Cockle Bay Nature Reserve VKFF-1908)
29. VK3BT
30. VK2QK
31. VK5WG
32. VK5FUSE
33. VK3FXBR
34. VK4KC
35. VK4MAD
36. VK4DOG
37. VK8PLT/5
38. VK5NMG
39. VK2OQ
40. VK3MLD
41. VK7LG
42. VK2YK/5 (Shepherds Hill Recreation Park VKFF-1744)
43. VK1DA
44. VK3SQ
45. VK3AG/p
46. VK4SMA
47. VK5AV/3 (Budj Bim (formerly Mount Eccles) National Park VKFF-0345)
48. VK3XV/p (Chiltern Mount Pilot National Park VKFF-0620)
49. VK2YK/5 (Onkaparinga River Recreation Park VKFF-1738)
50. VK2MG/p (Wyrrabalong National Park VKFF-0550)
51. VK3GP/p (Grampians National Park VKFF-0213)
52. VK3JBM/p (Grampians National Park VKFF-0213)
53. VK5HAA/p (Pelican Lagoon Conservation Park VKFF-0926)
54. VK3PF/p (Dandenong Ranges National Park VKFF-0132)
55. VK3ARH/p (Hepburn Regional Park VKFF-0968)
56. VK2IO/p (Saratoga Island Nature Reserve VKFF-2713)
57. VK2YK/5 (Onkaparinga River National Park VKFF-0402)
58. VK5AV/p (Mount Richmond National Park VKFF-0361)

Marija worked the following stations on 80m SSB:-

1. VK2VH
2. VK4AAC/2
3. VK3SQ
4. VK3ARH/p (Barmah National Park VKFF-0739)
5. VK2YK
6. VK5GA
7. VK2DG
8. VK3PF/p (Organ Pipes National Park VKFF-0627)
9. VK3OHM
10. VK3BBB
11. VK2CCP
12. VK7QP

I worked the following stations on 40m SSB:-

1. VK3MCO/m
2. VK3LF/p (Morwell National Park VKFF-0626)
3. VK2PKT
4. VK2LEE
5. VK3SRC/p (Mornington Peninsula National Park VKFF-0333)
6. VK4SMA
7. VK4SYD
8. VK4NH
9. VK4DXA
10. ZL4TY/VK4
11. VK2YES
12. VK4KC
13. VK4MAD
14. VK4DOG
15. VK4HNS
16. VK4FDJL
17. VK5IS
18. VK6YTS
19. VK3OHM
20. VK2IO/p (Bouddi National Park VKFF-0049)
21. VK3ZPF
22. VK3PF/p (Organ Pipes National Park VKFF-0627)
23. VK3YV/p (Wilsons Promontory National Park VKFF-0539)
24. VK1CT
25. VK7QP
26. VK5AV/3 (Cobboboonee National Park VKFF-0728)
27. VK2FADV
28. VK5FANA
29. VK2FPAR/p (William Howe Regional Park VKFF-2786)
30. VK3SQ
31. VK3MPR
32. VK3CAT
33. VK3EJ
34. Vk4CZ
35. VK3DAC
36. VK3CWF
37. VK3NCR
38. VK2NZ
39. VK5PL
40. VK7FAMP
41. VK7LTD
42. VK5PET
43. VK3TKK/m
44. VK5WG
45. VK7AN
46. VK5KLV
47. VK1DI
48. VK3ZL/m
49. VK3SRC/m
50. VK2JNA/m
51. VK2XSE
52. VK3ALF
53. VK7EE
54. VK3BVQ
55. VK3VKT
56. VK3HJV
57. VK5BMC
58. VK5DJ
59. VK5TT
60. VK2UXO
61. VK3SRC/p (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
62. VK3FOWL/p (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
63. VK3PF/p (Churchill National Park VKFF-0621)
64. VK2YK/5 (Shepherds Hill Recreation Park VKFF-1744)
65. VK2HHA
66. VK3PT
67. VK3AXH
68. VK3BT
69. VK5GY
70. VK7FCIA
71. VK5AV/3 (Budj Bim (formerly Mount Eccles) National Park VKFF-0345)
72. VK5IS/m
73. VK2DG
74. VK3MCA/p (Kara Kara National Park VKFF-0629)
75. VK3ACZ
76. VK5CZ
77. VK3HBG
78. VK8PLT/5
79. VK3HSB
80. VK3XV/p (Chiltern Mount Pilot National Park VKFF-0620)
81. VK4EPS/m
82. VK4ACX
83. VK3ZMD
84. VK2YK/5 (Onkaparinga River Recreation Park VKFF-1738)
85. VK2MG/p (Wyrrabalong National Park VKFF-0550)
86. VK3JBM/p (Grampians National Park VKFF-0213)
87. VK3GP/p (Grampians National Park VKFF-0213)
88. VK3MKE
89. VK2HRX
90. ZL1TM
91. VK3AWA
92. VK3ZM
93. VK5NPP
94. VK3GOW
95. VK3AHR
96. VK3PWG
97. VK3VRA
98. VK5PE
99. VK5ZTS
100. VK7DON
101. VK5HAA/p (Pelican Lagoon Conservation Park VKFF-0926)
102. VK3PF/p (Dandenong Ranges National Park VKFF-0132)
103. VK3DA
104. VK5TOM
105. VK5FR
106. VK3CRG
107. VK5UW
108. VK5BW
109. VK5JP
110. VK3HAL
111. VK2FF
112. VK3ALA
113. VK5AYL
114. VK3ARH/p (Hepburn Regional Park VKFF-0968)
115. ZL1TM
116. VK2IO/p (Saratoga Island Nature Reserve VKFF-2713)
117. VK5LA
118. VK7HOB
119. VK2ZG
120. VK2YK/5 (Onkaparinga River National Park VKFF-0402)
121. VK2AKA/m
122. VK7PAL
123. VK4HMI
124. VK5XB
125. VK2GMC
126. VK2VK
127. VK5AV/3 (Mount Richmond National Park VKFF-0361)
128. VK5LG

I worked the following stations on 80m SSB:-

1. VK3ARH/p (Barmah National Park VKFF-0739)
2. VK3PF/p (Organ Pipes National Park VKFF-0627)
3. VK2VH
4. VK4AAC/2
5. VK5FANA
6. VK2DG
7. VK5VRT
8. VK5AYL
9. VK5MRT

I worked the following stations on 20m SSB:-

1. VK4KC
2. VK4MAD
3. VK4DOG
4. VK4CZ
5. VK4NZ
6. VK0PD (Casey Station Antarctica VKFF-0571)
7. VK4HNS
8. VK4KLA
9. VK6NU
10. VK7QP

References.

Australian Government, 2021, <http://www.environment.gov.au/water/wetlands/ramsar>, viewed 5th May 2021.

Australian Dictionary of Biography, 2021, <https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-leslie-gordon-les-9725>, viewed 5th May 2021

Hattah-Kulkyne National Park and Murray Kulkyne Park Visitor Guide, 2014.

Parks Victoria, 2021, <https://www.parks.vic.gov.au/places-to-see/parks/hattah—kulkyne-national-park>, viewed 5th May 2021

Royal Historical Society of Victoria, 2021, <https://www.historyvictoria.org.au/product/returning-the-kulkyne-by-john-burch/>, viewed 5th May 2021

State Government Victoria, 2021, Victorian Heritage Database place details.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder_Highway>, viewed 5th May 2021.

Wikipedia, 2021, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattah-Kulkyne_National_Park>, viewed 5th May 2021.